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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(5): 1209-1216, Sept.-Oct. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1345274

ABSTRACT

The objective was to evaluate the intake and digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, and performance of goats fed with spineless cactus genotypes resistant to carmine cochineal (Miúda or Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM). Thirty castrated male goats, without defined breed, aged 12 to 14 months, with an average body weight of 19.0±2.8kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design among three treatments (Control - Tifton hay, Miúda, and OEM) and ten replicates; the initial weight was considered as the covariate. The intake of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was highest in the control treatment, while the intake of NFC was higher in the OEM diet. Treatments containing forage cactus showed the highest digestibility of DM, OM, and NFC. The animals fed the control diet spent more time on rumination and total chewing, but the time spent feeding or feeding efficiency, and performance did not differ. The use of spineless cactus genotypes resistant to carmine cochineal (Miúda and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) in a diet for goats, in the amount of 450g/kg of DM does not interfere with the performance of the animals and improves the digestibility of OM and NFC.(AU)


Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes, o comportamento ingestivo e o desempenho de caprinos alimentados com genótipos de palma forrageira resistentes à cochonilha-carmim (miúda ou orelha-de-elefante-mexicana (OEM). Trinta cabritos machos, castrados, sem raça definida, com idades entre 12 e 14 meses e peso corporal médio de 19,0±2,8kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em três tratamentos (controle - feno de tifton; miúda e OEM) e 10 repetições; o peso inicial foi considerado a covariável. O consumo de matéria orgânica (MO) e de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) foi maior no tratamento controle; enquanto a ingestão de CNF foi maior na dieta OEM. Tratamentos contendo palma forrageira apresentaram as maiores digestibilidades de MS, MO e CNF. Os animais alimentados com a dieta controle gastaram mais tempo em ruminação e em mastigação total, mas o tempo gasto com alimentação ou a eficiência alimentar e o desempenho não diferiram. A utilização de genótipos de palma forrageira resistentes à cochonilha-carmim (miúda e orelha-de-elefante-mexicana) na dieta de caprinos, na quantidade de 450g/kg de MS, não interfere no desempenho dos animais e melhora a digestibilidade de MO e CNF.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Goats , Cactaceae , Diet , Animal Feed , Rumination, Digestive , Hemiptera
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(5): 1047-1057, Sept.-Oct. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1345276

ABSTRACT

Colostrum is the main source of immunoglobulins (Ig) for neonate piglets and plays a crucial role within the health and growth of the piglet. Currently in pig farming, there are still no widespread practical methods for measuring the Ig concentration in colostrum at herd level. We evaluated sows' colostrum IgG concentration using an optical and a digital Brix refractometer and their performance was correlated to an IgG ELISA test, and flow cytometry. Colostrum concentrations of IgG and IgA averaged 74.05 ± 21.37mg/mL and 20.2 ± 5.32mg/mL respectively. The mean value of the Brix percentages for optical refractometer was 26.32%, and for digital was 28.32%. The Brix refractometer measurements of colostrum samples presented high correlation for IgG content analyzed by ELISA (Optical = 0.74, Digital = 0.87; P <0.001). Considering the immunophenotyping, the values for IgG and IgA lymphoblasts indicated a highly significant relationship to ELISA (IgG=0.77, IgA=0.84; P<0.001). The Brix refractometer can be considered a useful tool to be included in a colostrum monitoring program to improve potentially neonatal health. In addition, we demonstrated that flow cytometry can be an important tool to analyze and characterize the immunological potential of sow colostrum.(AU)


O colostro é a principal fonte de imunoglobulinas (Ig) para leitões recém-nascidos e desempenha um papel crucial na saúde e no crescimento dos leitões. Atualmente, na suinocultura, ainda não existem métodos amplamente utilizados na prática de produção para medir a concentração de imunoglobulinas no colostro suíno. Avaliou-se a concentração de IgG no colostro de porcas usando refratômetros Brix óptico e digital, e o desempenho foi comparado com ELISA e citometria de fluxo. As concentrações de IgG e IgA no colostro foram 74,05 ± 21,37mg/mL e 20,2 ± 5,32mg/mL, respectivamente. A percentagem de Brix média das amostras de colostro para o refratômetro óptico foi 26,32%, e para o digital foi 28,32%. As medições dos refratômetros de Brix apresentaram elevada correlação com a concentrações de IgG medidas por ELISA (óptico=0,74, digital=0,87; P<0,001). Considerando a imunofenotipagem, os valores dos linfoblastos IgG e IgA apresentaram alta correlação com o ELISA (IgG=0,77, IgA=0,84; P<0,001). O refratômetro Brix pode ser considerado uma ferramenta útil para ser incluída em um programa de monitoramento de colostro para melhorar a saúde neonatal. Além disso, foi demonstrado que a citometria de fluxo pode ser uma ferramenta importante para analisar e caracterizar o potencial imunológico do colostro de porcas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Immunoglobulin G , Colostrum , Sus scrofa/immunology , Immunoglobulin A , Flow Cytometry/veterinary
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(6): 1968-1976, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1055145

ABSTRACT

Diarrheagenic (DEC) and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal infections (ExPEC), respectively. We aimed to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility, gene encoding virulence factors associated to DEC and APEC, and phylogenetic classification in E. coli isolated from 320 samples of feed and ingredients. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index and Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) were calculated. Phylogenetic classification was performed on samples harboring DEC and/or APEC virulence-associated genes. A total of 110 E. coli strains were isolated in 15% (49/320) of the evaluated inputs (n=13 vegetable meal; n=33 animal meal, n=3 feed). In general, the isolates showed the highest rates of antimicrobial resistance to sulfonamide and cefazolin and 18% (20/110) were multi-drug resistant. MAR index of feed samples was the highest (0.467). Six and five strains had APEC and DEC virulence-associated genes, respectively, and belonging to phylogenetic groups A and B1. These findings point to the need for strict microbiological control during the production process of these foods.(AU)


Escherichia coli diarreiogênicas (DEC) e patogênicas para aves (APEC) são associadas a infecções intestinais e extraintestinais (ExPEC), respectivamente. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade antimicrobiana, a presença de genes que codificam os fatores de virulência relacionados à DEC e APEC, e a classificação filogenética em E. coli isoladas de 320 amostras de ração para frangos e ingredientes. A sensibilidade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método disco-difusão e calculou-se o índice de resistência múltipla aos antimicrobianos (IRMA) e a resistência a múltiplas drogas (MDR). Nas amostras que possuíam genes de virulência relacionados à DEC e/ou APEC, foi realizada a classificação filogenética. Foram isoladas 110 amostras de E. coli em 15% (49/320) dos insumos avaliados (n=13 farelos vegetais; n=33 farinhas de origem animal; n=3 rações). De forma geral, os isolados apresentaram as maiores frequências de resistência antimicrobiana à sulfonamida e à cefazolina e 18% (20/110) foram resistentes a múltiplas drogas. O IRMA das rações foi o mais alto (0,467). Os genes que codificam fatores de virulência associados à APEC e DEC foram detectados em seis e cinco isolados, respectivamente, pertencentes aos grupos filogenéticos A e B1. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de rigoroso controle microbiológico durante o processo de produção desses alimentos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens/virology , Virulence Factors , Diarrhea/veterinary , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Animal Feed/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Microbial
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(5): 1105-1111, set.-out. 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827913

ABSTRACT

Computed tomography of the brain is necessary as part of the diagnosis of lesions of the central nervous system. In this study we used six domestic cats, male or female, aged between one and five years, evaluated by Computed Tomography (CT) examination without clinical signs of central nervous system disorders. Two euthanized animals stating a condition unrelated to the nervous system were incorporated into this study. The proposal consisted in establishing detailed anatomical description of tomographic images of normal brain of cats, using as reference anatomical images of cross sections of the stained brain and cranial part, with thicknesses similar to the planes of the CT images. CT examinations were performed with and without intravenous iodinated contrast media for live animals. With one euthanized animal, the brain was removed and immediately preserved in 10% formalin for later achievement in cross-sectional thickness of approximately 4mm and staining technique of Barnard, and Robert Brown. The head of another animal was disarticulated in the Atlanto-occipital region and frozen at -20ºC then sliced to a thickness of about 5mm. The description of visualized anatomical structures using tomography is useful as a guide and allows transcribing with relative accuracy the brain region affected by an injury, and thus correlating it with the clinical symptoms of the patient, providing additional information and consequent improvement to veterinarians during the course of surgical clinic in this species.(AU)


A tomografia computadorizada do cérebro é de suma importância como parte do diagnóstico de lesões do sistema nervoso central. Neste estudo, foram utilizados seis felinos domésticos, machos ou fêmeas, com idade entre um e cinco anos, avaliados pela tomografia computadorizada (TC), sem sinais clínicos de distúrbios do sistema nervoso central. Dois cadáveres indicando a condição relacionada com o sistema nervoso foram incorporados ao presente estudo. A proposta consistiu na criação da descrição anatômica detalhada das imagens tomográficas de cérebro normal de gatos, usando como referência a imagens anatômicas de secções transversais do cérebro coradas, realizadas com espessuras similares aos planos das imagens tomográficas. Exames de TC foram realizados com e sem contraste iodado intravenoso para os animais vivos. Em um dos cadáveres, o cérebro foi removido e imediatamente preservado em formalina a 10% para a realização posterior da técnica de coloração de Barnard e Robert Brown, além de cortes transversais com espessura de, aproximadamente, 4mm. O crânio do outro cadáver foi desarticulado na região atlanto-occipital e congelado a -20ºC. Em seguida, foi realizado corte com espessura de cerca de 5mm. A descrição das estruturas anatômicas visualizadas foi útil e serve como guia, permitindo descrever com relativa precisão a estrutura cerebral normal ou lesionada, e, portanto, correlacionando-a com os sintomas clínicos de um paciente, o que fornece informações adicionais e consequente aprimoramento de veterinários no curso de clínica cirúrgica para essa espécie.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cerebrum/anatomy & histology , Cerebrum/diagnostic imaging , Neuroimaging/veterinary , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/veterinary , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(4): 1095-1098, jul.-ago. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-868454

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to verify whether enalapril and captopril would reverse the renal damage caused by N-methylglucamine antimoniate in C57BL/6 mice. We used inbred C57BL/6 female mice, obtained from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA. The mice were divided into four groups as follows: Group1: received saline by the intramuscular (IM) route; Group 2: received N-methylglucamine antimonate (IM); Group 3: received N-methylglucamine antimoniate and captopril; Group 4: was treated with N-methylglucamine antimoniate and enalapril. Both enalapril and captopril were orally administered in drinking water (ad libitum). After 30 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and their kidneys were collected for histological analysis which showed that enalapril completely reversed the edema, the podocytes hyperplasia and nucleus of the epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules caused by N-methylglucamine antimoniate. On the other hand, the captopril treatment partially inhibited kidney harmful effects caused by N-metilgucamina antimoniate. Taken together, we would conclude that enalapril and captopril reverse edema and renalhyperplasia caused by N-methylglucamine antimonate in mice.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Guinea Pigs , Mice , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/veterinary , Leishmaniasis/veterinary
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(7): e5258, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785058

ABSTRACT

Neonatal asphyxia can cause irreversible injury of multiple organs resulting in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This injury is dependent on time, severity, and gestational age, once the preterm babies need ventilator support. Our aim was to assess the different brain and intestinal effects of ischemia and reperfusion in neonate rats after birth anoxia and mechanical ventilation. Preterm and term neonates were divided into 8 subgroups (n=12/group): 1) preterm control (PTC), 2) preterm ventilated (PTV), 3) preterm asphyxiated (PTA), 4) preterm asphyxiated and ventilated (PTAV), 5) term control (TC), 6) term ventilated (TV), 7) term asphyxiated (TA), and 8) term asphyxiated and ventilated (TAV). We measured body, brain, and intestine weights and respective ratios [(BW), (BrW), (IW), (BrW/BW) and (IW/BW)]. Histology analysis and damage grading were performed in the brain (cortex/hippocampus) and intestine (jejunum/ileum) tissues, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis for caspase-3 and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP). IW was lower in the TA than in the other terms (P<0.05), and the IW/BW ratio was lower in the TA than in the TAV (P<0.005). PTA, PTAV and TA presented high levels of brain damage. In histological intestinal analysis, PTAV and TAV had higher scores than the other groups. Caspase-3 was higher in PTAV (cortex) and TA (cortex/hippocampus) (P<0.005). I-FABP was higher in PTAV (P<0.005) and TA (ileum) (P<0.05). I-FABP expression was increased in PTAV subgroup (P<0.0001). Brain and intestinal responses in neonatal rats caused by neonatal asphyxia, with or without mechanical ventilation, varied with gestational age, with increased expression of caspase-3 and I-FABP biomarkers.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Brain/blood supply , Caspase 3/analysis , Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/analysis , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/complications , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology , Intestine, Small/blood supply , Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications , Asphyxia Neonatorum/pathology , Biomarkers/analysis , Blotting, Western , Brain/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology , Gestational Age , Immunohistochemistry , Intestine, Small/pathology , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Premature Birth , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Respiration, Artificial
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(6): 1475-1482, nov.-dez. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768134

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the track surface on which horses are examined, regarding the phase of lameness presentation. Ten horses with lameness in at least one limb were evaluated with wireless inertial sensors on three track surfaces (concrete, loose sand and grass). Six crossover track sequences were established. The variables vector sum, maximum and minimum height of the head and pelvis, variation coefficient of the maximum and minimum height of the head and pelvis were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey test to compare means between track surface and sequence, at 5% significance level. The lameness phase (impact or pushoff) was analyzed considering the proportion of affected animals. There were no differences on vector sum, maximum and minimum height or variation coefficient of head and pelvis. Difference was observed on the number of strides registered on sand compared to grass and concrete (p <0.0001) for fore and hindlimbs. Impact lameness on forelimbs was presented by a larger number of animals on the concrete surface; pushoff lameness was more evident on the grass surface. In the hindlimbs, impact lameness was more evident on the grass surface, while pushoff lameness was in greater number of animals on concrete surfaces. The track sequence on which horses were trotted during evaluation does not seem to be a factor, but the number of lame horses and the phase of lameness manifestation can vary between track surfaces, as some horses showed impact lameness on soft ground and elevation lameness on hard ground.


Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do tipo de superfície em que os cavalos são examinados em relação à fase de apresentação da claudicação. Dez cavalos com claudicação em pelo menos um dos membros foram avaliados com sensores inerciais sem fio em três tipos de superfície (concreto, areia e grama). Seis sequências de cruzamento de tipo de superfície foram estabelecidas. As variáveis soma vetorial, altura máxima e mínima da cabeça e da pélvis, o coeficiente de variação da altura máxima e mínima da cabeça e da pélvis foram analisadas utilizando uma Análise de Variância, seguida do teste de Tukey para comparação das médias entre tipos de superfície e sequências, a um nível de significância de 5%. A fase da claudicação (impacto ou elevação) foi analisada considerando a proporção de animais afetados. Não houve diferença na soma vetorial, altura máxima ou mínima e coeficiente de variação da altura máxima e mínima da cabeça e pélvis. Foi observada diferença no número de passos registrados na areia em comparação com grama e concreto (p <0,0001) para membros torácicos e pélvicos. Claudicação de impacto nos membros torácicos foi apresentada em um número maior de animais na superfície de concreto, já claudicação de elevação foi mais evidente na superfície de grama. Em membros pélvicos, a claudicação de impacto foi mais evidente na superfície de grama, enquanto claudicação de elevação esteve em maior número de animais na superfície de concreto. A sequência de superfícies em que os cavalos foram troteados durante a avaliação não foi um fator importante na manifestação da claudicação, mas o número de cavalos claudicantes e a fase de manifestação da claudicação podem variar entre as superfícies, visto que alguns cavalos mostraram claudicação de impacto em solo macio e claudicação de elevação em solo duro.


Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/anatomy & histology , Horses/injuries , Lameness, Animal/diagnosis , Locomotion , Sandy Soils
8.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(3): 454-461, Jul-Sep/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-752559

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A susceptibilidade dos conceptos a agentes químicos varia muito em cada estágio do desenvolvimento. Devido a isto, a maioria dos países passou a exigir a análise do potencial para afetar todos os aspectos da reprodução (espermatogênese, acasalamento, prenhez, parto e lactação) para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos e fitoterápicos. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito do extrato hidroetanólico de Simaba ferruginea St. Hil (calunga) (EHSF) v.o., em ratas da linhagem Wistar tratadas durante a prenhez e verificar a interferência no desenvolvimento intra-uterino da prole. As ratas foram tratadas com EHSF 50 e 100 mg Kg-1 ou água destilada, do seguinte modo: a) do 1º ao 6º dia de prenhez (período da formação do blastocisto e implantação); b) do 8º ao 16º dia de prenhez (fase embrionária de organogênese); c) do 15º ao 19º dia de prenhez (fase do desenvolvimento fetal). O tratamento do 1º ao 6º dia, mostrou redução no número de fetos com ambas doses e não alterou o peso do útero / ovário nem peso corporal das mães. Quando as ratas foram tratadas na fase da organogênese verificou-se, redução estatisticamente significante do número de fetos vivos com a dose 50 mg Kg-1, e o aparecimento de fetos mortos em 30% das fêmeas tratadas com EHSF 50 mg Kg-1 e em 20% nas fêmeas tratadas com a dose de 100 mg Kg-1, não houve alteração no peso do útero / ovário nem no peso corporal das matrizes. Finalmente, o tratamento no período fetal não afetou o número de filhotes vivos, não provocou malformações anatômicas visíveis a olho nu, nem reabsorção fetal; porém, observou-se que 10% das mães tratadas com 50 mg Kg-1 apresentaram 2 fetos mortos e 20% das mães tratadas com 100 mg Kg-1 apresentaram, em média, 4 fetos mortos. Com estes dados, pode ser concluído que o EHSF apresenta baixa ou nenhuma toxicidade materna para ratas Wistar, embora seja letal para alguns descendentes, independente da fase da prenhez em que foram realizados os tratamentos ...


ABSTRACT The susceptibility of concepts to chemical agents varies a lot at each development stage. Because of that, most countries started requiring the analysis of potential to affect all aspects of reproduction (spermatogenesis, mating, pregnancy, birth and lactation) for the development of new drugs and herbal medicines. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the hydroethanolic extract of Simaba ferruginea St. Hil ("calunga") (EHSF) on female Wistar rats treated during pregnancy in order to check the interference on the intrauterine development of the offspring. The rats were treated with EHSF 50 and 100 mg/kg-1or distilled water, as follows: a) from day 1 to day 6 of pregnancy (period of blastocytes formation and implantation); b) from day 8 to day 16 of pregnancy (embryonic phase of organogenesis); c) from day 15 to day 19 of pregnancy (fetal development phase). The treatment from day 1 to day 6 showed reduction on the amount of fetuses with both doses and it did not alter neither the weight of the uterus / ovary nor the body weight of the mothers. When the female rats were treated in the organogenesis phase, it was verified both statistical significant decrease on the number of live fetuses for the 50 mg / Kg-1, and also appearance of dead fetuses in 30% of the female rats treated with EHSF 50 mg / Kg-1. In 20% of the female rats treated with 100 mg / Kg-1, there was no alteration neither in the weight of the uterus / ovary or in the body weight of the matrixes. Finally, the treatment in the fetal period did not affect the number of live descendants, or caused anatomical malformations visible to naked eye and fetal reabsorption. However, 10% of the mothers treated with 50 mg / Kg-1presented 2 dead fetuses and 20% of the mothers who had 100 mg / Kg-1showed, on average, 4 dead fetuses. With this data, we can conclude that EHSF presents low maternal toxicity for Wistar rats, although being fatal to some descendants, not mattering in which pregnancy phase the treatments have been performed, being more evident in the earlier phases. For this reason, it is recommended to avoid the use of this plant in pregnancy case.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Rats, Wistar/classification , Simaroubaceae/metabolism , Organogenesis , Reproduction , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, Animal/metabolism
9.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 40(4): 454-462, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723967

ABSTRACT

Introduction Brachytherapy is an option for treating low-risk prostate cancer (PC). Biochemical control of low-risk disease can reach 95%. The practice advocated is that a review of prostate biopsies should be mandatory before choosing the best treatment for patients with PC. Our objective was to evaluate the change in PC risk after review of a prostate biopsy by an experienced uropathologist at a reference hospital. Materials and Methods Between December 2003 and August 2012, 182 men were referred to our institution for brachytherapy to treat PC. Their slides were reviewed by the same uropathologist. Results and Discussion Classification risk disagreement occurred in 71 (39%) cases, including one in which no tumor was observed. The main cause of risk change was related to the Gleason score (GS), with 57 (81.4%) cases upgraded to GS 7 or 8. Tumor volume was also compared, although only the number of fragments was reported in most original reports. The concordance of the number of cores affected by tumor was 43.9%, and in 49% of the cases, the number was decreased by the uropathologist. Perineural invasion (PNI) was reported in one quarter of original reports, and the agreement was 58%. Conclusion Slide review by an uropathologist remains essential at reference radiotherapy centers for the treatment of PC. The change in PC risk evaluation is mainly due to the GS, but tumor volume and PNI, which are important for the characterization of tumor aggressiveness, are also misinterpreted and could drive a change in the therapy choice. .


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Risk Assessment/methods , Biopsy, Needle , Brachytherapy/methods , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Staging , Observer Variation , Predictive Value of Tests , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostate/pathology , Reference Values , Risk Factors , Tertiary Care Centers , Tumor Burden
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(3): 648-654, 06/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-718067

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in the dairy herds from Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the years 2009 and 2010. A total of 2,915 serum samples were collected from the lactating cows of 151 properties in eleven municipalities located in the Sete Lagoas region. The Microscopic Agglutination Test was used to detect antileptospiral agglutinins. An individual animal prevalence of 20.7 percent (95 percent CI = 17.1 percent - 24.3 percent) and a herd prevalence of 80.8 percent (95 percent CI = 73.8 percent = 87.7 percent) were determined. The most prevalent serovars were hardjoprajitno at 19.4 percent; hardjoprajitno strain Norma at 17.4 percent; and hardjo-bovis at 17.4 percent. These results show the significance of the hardjo serovar in bovine leptospirosis cases in Minas Gerais...


Avaliou-se a prevalência de aglutininas antileptospira em rebanhos leiteiros durante os anos de 2009 e 2010. Foram coletadas 2.915 amostras de soro de vacas lactantes de 151 propriedades localizadas na região de Sete Lagoas - MG. Foi utilizado o teste de aglutinação microscópica (MAT) para detecção de aglutininas antileptospira. Prevalência animal de 20,7 por cento (95 por cento CI = 17,1 por cento-24,3 por cento) e prevalência de rebanho de 80,8 por cento (95 por cento CI = 73,8 por cento = 87,7 por cento) foram reportadas. Os sorotipos mais prevalentes no estudo foram hardjoprajitno (19,4 por cento); hardjoprajitno estirpe Norma (17,4 por cento) e hardjo-bovis (17,4 por cento). Estes resultados demostram a importância da sorovariedade hardjo nos casos de leptospirose bovina do estado de Minas Gerais...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Agglutinins/blood , Cattle/immunology , Leptospira/isolation & purification , Agglutination Tests/veterinary , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Serologic Tests/veterinary
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 46(1): 85-90, 11/jan. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-665803

ABSTRACT

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) are rare hematopoietic stem cell diseases affecting children. Cytogenetics plays an important role in the diagnosis of these diseases. We report here the experience of the Cytogenetic Subcommittee of the Brazilian Cooperative Group on Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndromes (BCG-MDS-PED). We analyzed 168 cytogenetic studies performed in 23 different cytogenetic centers; 84 of these studies were performed in patients with confirmed MDS (primary MDS, secondary MDS, JMML, and acute myeloid leukemia/MDS+Down syndrome). Clonal abnormalities were found in 36.9% of the MDS cases and cytogenetic studies were important for the detection of constitutional diseases and for differential diagnosis with other myeloid neoplasms. These data show the importance of the Cooperative Group for continuing education in order to avoid a late or wrong diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Cytogenetics/methods , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics , Brazil , Karyotyping , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/mortality , Survival Analysis
12.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(12): 1172-1182, Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-659631

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of an intermittent intense aerobic exercise session and a resistance exercise session on blood cell counts and oxidative stress parameters in middle-aged women. Thirty-four women were selected and divided into three groups: RE group (performing 60 min of resistance exercises, N = 12), spinning group (performing 60 min of spinning, N = 12), and control group (not exercising regularly, N = 10). In both exercise groups, lymphocytes and monocytes decreased after 1-h recuperation (post-exercise) compared to immediately after exercise (P < 0.05). Immediately after exercise, in both exercised groups, a significant increase in TBARS (from 16.5 ± 2 to 25 ± 2 for the spinning group and from 18.6 ± 1 to 28.2 ± 3 nmol MDA/mL serum for the RE group) and protein carbonyl (from 1.0 ± 0.3 to 1.6 ± 0.2 for the spinning group and from 0.9 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.2 nmol/mg protein for the RE group) was observed (P < 0.05). A decrease in antioxidant activities (non-protein sulfhydryl, superoxide dismutase, catalase) was also demonstrated with a negative correlation between damage markers and antioxidant body defenses (P < 0.05). These results indicate that an acute bout of intermittent or anaerobic exercise induces immune suppression and increases the production of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress in middle-aged and trained women. Furthermore, we demonstrated that trained women show improved antioxidant capacity and lower oxidative damage than sedentary ones, demonstrating the benefits of chronic regular physical activity.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Blood Cell Count , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Resistance Training , Reactive Oxygen Species/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Catalase/blood , Exercise Test , Glutathione Peroxidase/blood , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Superoxide Dismutase/blood
13.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 43(12): 1184-1192, Dec. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-568998

ABSTRACT

Previous studies on Combretum leprosum, a tree growing in the Northeastern states of Brazil, have shown antinociceptive effects of the ethanol extract of its leaves and bark, but studies examining its constituents are rare. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of the hydroalcoholic fraction (HF) of one of its constituents, the flavonoid (-) epicatechin (EPI), administered orally to mice (20-30 g) in models of chemical nociception, and the possible mechanisms involved. Different doses of HF (62.5 to 500 mg/kg) and EPI (12.5 to 50 mg/kg) were evaluated in models of abdominal writhing, glutamate, capsaicin, and formalin in animals pretreated with different antagonists: naloxone, ondansetron, yohimbine, ketanserin, pindolol, atropine, and caffeine in the abdominal writhing test. To determine the role of nitric oxide, the animals were pretreated with L-arginine (600 mg/kg, ip) in the glutamate test. The HF was effective (P < 0.05) in all protocols at different doses and EPI was effective in the abdominal writhing, capsaicin and glutamate tests (P < 0.05) at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. However, in the formalin test it was only effective in the second phase at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The antinociceptive effect of HF was inhibited when HF was associated with yohimbine (0.15 mg/kg), ketanserine (0.03 mg/kg), and L-arginine (600 mg/kg), but not with the other antagonists. HF and EPI were effective in models of chemical nociception, with the suggested participation of the adrenergic, serotonergic and nitrergic systems in the antinociceptive effect of HF.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Analgesics/pharmacology , Catechin/pharmacology , Combretum/chemistry , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Pain/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Acute Disease , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Pain Measurement
14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 61(4): 910-917, ago. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-524447

ABSTRACT

Estudaram-se os efeitos de fontes de enxofre na dieta sobre os parâmetros ruminais de bovinos Nelore, utilizando-se oito novilhos canulados no rúmen e submetidos a quatro tratamentos, segundo a fonte de enxofre. Os animais do grupo-controle não receberam suplementação de enxofre. Os dos outros três grupos receberam flor de enxofre ou metionina ou carboquelatado, como suplementação. Os animais foram arraçoados com dieta total, utilizando cana-de-açúcar picada como volumoso. O período experimental foi de 76 dias, dividido em quatro subperíodos de 19 dias, dos quais 14 eram para adaptação à dieta e cinco para as colheitas. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as fontes de enxofre na degradabilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibras em detergente ácido e neutro e no pH ruminal. O tratamento com carboquelatado resultou em maior número de protozoários ciliados e o tratamento metionina em menor contagem. O carboquelatado pode ser uma boa alternativa para a suplementação de enxofre para bovinos em confinamento.


This research was carried out at FZEA/USP to compare the effects of different sulphur sources in diets of Nellore cattle on ruminal parameters. Eight steers were rumen cannulated and submitted to four treatments, using the following sulphur sources: control (no supplement), elemental sulphur, methionine, and carboquelated. Animals were fed a total ration using sugarcane as the roughage. The proportion roughage:concentrate was 40:60. The experimental period lasted 76 days, divided in four 19-days sub-periods. The first 14 days of each sub-period were used to adapt the animals to the diet and the last five days to collect the samples. During the sample period, ruminal liquid was sampled to protozoa count and pH determination. Also, nylon bags were incubated in rumen to determinate the degradability of dietary dry matter, crude protein, and acid and neutral detergent fiber. Treatments did not affect dietary dry matter, crude protein, acid and neutral detergent fiber degradability, and the ruminal pH. However, carboquelated provided the higher total amount of ciliate protozoa and methionine provided the lowest values. Carboquelated can be a good alternative to supplement sulphur to bovines in a feedlot.

15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(5): 1274-1276, out. 2008.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-500102

ABSTRACT

Duzentos e quarenta avestruzes, com idades entre 12 e 24 meses, foram examinados quanto ao parasitismo por Struthiolipeurus spp. Destes, 168 apresentavam-se infestados por piolhos (70 por cento). Todas as aves foram tratadas com solução de cipermetrina a 15 por cento, na diluição de 1ml/l, por pulverização com auxílio de uma bomba costal. Os animais positivos foram reexaminados nos dias 7, 14 e 21 após o tratamento, e não foram mais encontrados piolhos. A cipermetrina apresentou 100 por cento de eficácia no controle de piolhos do gênero Struthiolipeurus em avestruz.


Subject(s)
Animals , Parasitic Diseases/prevention & control , Insecticides/adverse effects , Struthioniformes
16.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 28(1): 77-83, 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485204

ABSTRACT

O estudo mostrou como os clínicos da rede privada de Amparo e Pedreira, no interior do estado de São Paulo, utilizam o alendronato de sódio como recurso terapêutico na osteoporose. Esta enfermidade é de alta prevalência na população idosa, sendo tratada por médicos de diferentes especialidades. Este estudo, do tipo observacional, transversal e descritivo, foi realizado pormeio de entrevistas com 32 médicos para obtenção de dados sobre indicação, forma de utilização, seguimento de tratamento, medidas não farmacológicas e referencial teórico utilizado pelos entrevistados. Os resultadosmostraram que há concordância com o preconizado em consensos e guias terapêuticos em relação à indicação,doses recomendadas e medidas não farmacológicas, porém, foram verificadas falhas no seguimento dotratamento e na orientação dada ao paciente para a administração correta do medicamento, além de descrição imprecisa de fontes de informação. Concluiu-se que a atualização científica em fontes referenciais (ensaios randomizados controlados, metanálises) é indispensável para ajudar os clínicos na promoção do uso racional do alendronato de sódio no tratamento de osteoporose.


This is a study of how physicians working in the private health system in the towns of Amparo and Pedreira (upstate São Paulo, 75 miles away from the State capital) use sodium alendronate in the treatment of osteoporosis. This disease is highly prevalent in the elderly population and is treated by consultant clinicians/various specialities. The paper describes an observational, cross-sectional study that was carried out by interviewing 32 clinicians to evaluate: indication, usage, follow-up and evaluation of treatment, non pharmacological measures and source of information used by interviewees. The results show that clinical practice is in conformity with what is recommended in clinical guidelines and the general consensus, concerning indication, doses, and nonpharmacological measures. However, some faults were found in the course of treatment and in the advice given to the patients on how to take the drug, as well as imprecise descriptions of the sources of information by the doctors interviewed. It is concluded that constant scientific updating based on sources of reference (Randomized Controlled Trial, Meta- Analysis) is an indispensable aid to these clinicians in promoting the rational use of sodium alendronate inthe treatment of osteoporosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alendronate/administration & dosage , Alendronate/pharmacology , Alendronate/supply & distribution , Alendronate/therapeutic use , Osteoporosis/therapy , Drug Prescriptions
17.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 28(1): 99-106, 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485207

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho pretende identificar a variação da margem de lucro a partir da comparação entre o preço real decompra e o preço máximo ao consumidor de medicamentos de referência, genéricos e similares, eestabelecer a relação entre este parâmetro e a comercialização de medicamentos, sob o ponto de vista ético e legal. A amostra foi composta por 14 fármacos, 295 especialidades, sendo 14 medicamentos de referência, 112 genéricos e 169 similares. Para a análise dos dados foi calculada a margem de lucro de cada medicamento. Os medicamentos similares foram divididos em dois grupos, A e B, considerando as semelhanças na margem de lucro. Para avaliar a diferença de preço que o consumidor pode pagar ao optar por um dos produtos contendo o mesmo fármaco, na mesma apresentação, calculou-se a porcentagem de variação do preço máximo ao consumidor entre a especialidade mais cara e a mais barata. A margem de lucro observada situa-se entre 44 e 57% (referência); 98-199% (genéricos); 49-57% (similares A) e 147-236% (similares B). Os resultados obtidos e as reflexões apresentadas destacam a importância do governo no controle da qualidade e naregulação do mercado farmacêutico brasileiro, e o que se pode constatar indiretamente é que as regras de comercialização, muitas vezes, se contrapõem aos compromissos social, ético e legal necessários para caracterizar as farmácias e drogarias como estabelecimentos de saúde.


The objective in this article is to identify the profit margin on medicines (original brands, generic drugs and branded similar drugs) from the actual purchase price and the maximum allowed price to consumers, and then to analyze the relationship between this margin and drugs marketing from both the ethical and legal standpoints. The sample was composed of 14 drugs in 295 products, 14 being original ('reference') brand medicines, 112 generics and 169 copy ('similar') brands. To analyze the data, the markup of each medicine was calculated. Similar brands were divided into two groups, A and B, based on the two observed markup bands. The observed profit margin lay in the ranges 44-57% (original brands), 98-199% (generics), 49-57% (similar A) and 147-236% (similar B). To evaluate the difference between the prices the consumer can pay when choosing one of the products containing the same drug in the same presentation, the percent variation in the maximum allowed price to the consumer, between the most expensive and the cheapest product, was calculated. The results and commentary presented in this paper emphasize the importance of a government role in controlling the quality of medicines and regulating the Brazilian pharmaceutical market and it is revealed, indirectly, that trade rules frequently go against the social, ethical and legal commitments needed to characterize pharmacies and drugstores as primary care units in the national health system.


Subject(s)
Drug Industry/ethics , Pharmaceutical Trade , Pharmaceutical Preparations/economics , Drug Price , Drugs, Generic
18.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 28(2): 165-169, 2007.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-486506

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) is a very serious problem worldwide and the increasing number of multiple drugs resistant TB cases makes the search for new anti-TB drugs an urgent need. Indigenous knowledge about the use of native plants to treat illnesses has contributed to the discovery of new medicines. In this study, the antimycobacterial activity ofseven medicinal drinks was assessed: Ananas sativus (hydroalcoholic fruit extract), Aristolochia triangularis(aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf, root and stem extracts), Bromelia antiacantha (hydroalcoholic fruit extract), Stryphnodendron adstringens (hydroalcoholic bark extract), Tabebuia ovellanedae (hydroalcoholic bark extract), Vernonia polyanthes (hydroalcoholic root extract), all used by the Vanuíre indigenous community in the treatment of respiratory diseases. The activity was evaluated by using a time-to-kill assay, in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen medium, after thirty minutes, one, three, six, twelve and twenty-four hours contact of the bacteria with each drink. Within half to one hour contact, the hydroalcoholic drinks of A. triangularis, S. adstringens, T. ovellanedae and V. polyanthes reduced the bacterial growth by 2 orders of magnitude in CFU/mL, and all bacterial growth was absent after three hours contact. In contrast, no mycobactericidal effect was detected in the aqueous extract of A. triangularis or in the hydroalcoholic beverages of A. sativus and B. antiacantha, even aftertwenty-four hours contact.


Subject(s)
Hydroalcoholic Solution , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal , Plant Preparations/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Ananas , Aristolochia , Bromelia , Brazil/ethnology , Fabaceae , Tabebuia , Vernonia
19.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 28(2): 185-191, 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-486509

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, a ANVISA aprova o uso de isoflavonas para o tratamento dos fogachos e como adjuvante na redução dos níveis séricos do colesterol. Assim, a proposta do presente estudo é avaliar o modo como as isoflavonas estão sendo prescritas segundo a dose, posologia ecritérios de indicação, comparando os resultados às informações descritas na literatura. Para obtenção das informações foram entrevistados 59 médicos ginecologistas que atendem em consultório particular em uma cidade de médio porte no interior do estado de São Paulo. As informações foram coletadas através de questionário estruturado padronizado e pré-testado, contendo 10 questões específicas sobre a forma de utilização, critério de indicação e avaliação de seguimento terapêutico. Dos 59 entrevistados, apenas 54,2% (n igual 32) prescreviam isoflavonas. Os resultados obtidos junto aos médicos prescritores de isoflavonas mostraram que oreferencial teórico utilizado para a indicação, a dose e a posologia, estão inadequados quando comparado às informações encontradas na literatura em trabalhos de metanálises ou consensos da área. Vale ressaltar que este uso inadequado pode predispor as pacientes à falhas terapêuticas, indicação não regulamentadas e sem respaldo científico. Cabe ao clínico a tarefa de atualizar-se continuamente utilizando fontes que apontem as evidências clínicas que justifiquem a indicação e o esquema posológico adequado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Climacteric , Isoflavones/administration & dosage , Drug Prescriptions
20.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 58(5): 959-960, out. 2006.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-441551

ABSTRACT

A ocorrência de Struthiopterolichus bicaudatus é assinalada em uma criação de avestruz no estado de Minas Gerais. Os principais sinais associados com a presença dos ácaros foram penas quebradas com a falta de barbas no vexilo, principalmente nas penas das asas, e prurido. Esses sinais foram observados em todas as aves do plantel (285 animais) com idade acima de 13 meses. As aves com idade abaixo de 13 meses (60 animais) não apresentaram qualquer sinal, tampouco ácaros.


Subject(s)
Acari/parasitology , Epidemiology , Struthioniformes/anatomy & histology , Struthioniformes/parasitology
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